Spatiotemporal distribution of red vented bulbul (Pycononotus cafer) by GIS application in District Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan

Ecological modelling is very useful tool to evaluate the spatial distribution and breeding biology. In this study GIS mapping was use population of Red Vented Bulbul in 8 different regions (Chikrala, Abba Khel, Chiddru, Namal Lake, Musa Sawans, Bittian, Gulmeri) district Mianwali. Spatial specie, their nests structures, total eggs hatching rate thoroughly investigated during survey. Results revealed that mostly specie found continuous circulations around all sites except Gulmeri. Population density recorded higher from month March July then starts deceasing. Breeding time started late February July. For nest construction, 42 have been observed used plant species, including Psidium guajava, Zizyphus nummularia, Dodonea viscosa, Dalbergia sissoo, Phoenix dactylifera, Berberis lyceum, Vitis vinifera, Morus alba. The incubation range between 11-14 days. incubating fledgling success be 82 87% respectively. shows widely distributed throughout targeted